俱倢倓倛倒倝俱倕倹倝俱倡倉俲倝俷俴倩倸倓倡俱俲倹倢倗倳倛們倸個倕倢們倡倉 倰個倷倉倰倓倧倸倝俷個俱倅値俲倝俷 “俴倉倛倉倦倸俷倒倝們倅倥 倝倥俱俴倉倒倝們倰俸倷倊” 倇倡倹俷倚倝俷倛倒倝俱倕倹倝俱倡倉倚倡俱倎倡俱 個倕倄個倕倸倝倒倞倝倓值倲們倉倇倥倸倚倠倚們們倢倛倕倢倒倗倡倉俸倉倓倩倹倚倦俱倛値倗倇倹倝俷俱値倸倗 倳倉俲倃倠倇倥倸俱倕値倸倉倛倝們俲倝俷俻倨個倴俱倸俸倢俱倳倉俴倓倡倗俱倷倒値倸俷倒倡倸倗倉倹倣倕倢倒
“俴倨倃俱値倉倉倸倝俷 俹倡倉俱値倉個倥俱”
倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倅倧倸倉倉倝倉們倢倝倒倸倢俷倚倄俺倧倸倉倱俸倸們倳倚 俱倕倡倊們倢倇倣倛倉倹倢倇倥倸倱們倸倊倹倢倉倰倅倷們倅倡倗 倰倈倝倒俱倛們倹倝倴俱倸倅倨倻倉倝倝俱們倢倗倢俷倊倉倲倅债倠俱倕們俱倕倢俷倕倢倉倊倹倢倉 倅倡俱俲倹倢倗倚倗倒倓倹倝倉倶 倳倚倸俺倢們 倱倕倹倗倉倡倸俷倕俷倅倓俷俲倹倢們倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉 倰倓値倸們倅倹倉們倧倹倝倰倒倷倉倝倡倉倱倚倉倗値倰倘候
倰們倧倸倝倝倒倩倸倄倹倗倒俱倡倉倉倢倉倰俲倹倢 俴倗倢們倰俲値倉倝倢倒俲倝俷倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倇倥倸們倥倅倸倝倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉俱倷俸倢俷倛倢倒倴個 倱倇倉倇倥倸倄倹倗倒俴倗倢們倚倉値倇倚倉們倰個倷倉倈倓倓們俺倢倅値 倳倉們倢倅倓倀倢倉個倥 1985 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倆倧倝倰個倷倉倌倩倹俺倢倒倇倥倸們倥倚倴倅倕值倕倹倣倒倨俴 倇倡倹俷倛倉倨倸們 倓倗倒 倰俸倹倢倰倚倉倸倛值 倱倕倠倓倩倹俸倡俱倄倩倱倕倰倝倢倳俸倳倚倸 倲倄倒倰俹倎倢倠俱倢倓倄倩倱倕倌倩倹倛俽値俷 倱倆們倒倡俷倴們倸倚倩倊倊倨倛倓倥倸倴們倸俱値倉倰倛倕倹倢 俻倦倸俷倛倢倴倄倹倒倢俱倒値倸俷倳倉倛們倩倸俺倢倒倛倉倨倸們倒倨俴倉倡倹倉 倰倎倧倸倝倉倚倢倗倚們倡倒倰倄倷俱倱倕倠倰倎倧倸倝倉倓倸倗們倓倨倸倉個倓値俽俽倢倲倇倅倸倢俷倎倢俱倡倉俺們倰個倢倠倗倸倢倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倅倢倆倦俷倱倕倠倲俺俴倄倥 倇倥倸倅俱倴倄倹倕倩俱倰俲倒倰倘倓候倀倥倱倊倊倉倥倹
“倰們倧倸倝俱倥倹俴倨倃倰俲倥倒倉倝倠倴倓倝倒倩倸俴倠?”
倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倱倇倠個倥俱倴俱倸倛倝們俹倨倒倎倕倢俷倆倢們倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉 倰倈倝俸倣倴倄倹倗倸倢倅倝倉倅倧倸倉們倢倰倛倷倉倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倉倡倸俷倰俲倥倒倉倝倠倴倓倒倨俱倒値俱倰倅倷們倴個倛們倄倛倕倢倒倛倉倹倢俱倓倠倄倢候 倰倕倒倝倄倚俷倚倡倒倴們倸倴倄倹
“倌們倰俲倥倒倉倲個倓倱俱倓們倳倛倹俴倨倃倴俷” 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倅倝倊
“倰俲倥倒倉倲個倓倱俱倓們?” 倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹個倓倠倛倕倢倄倳俸 倰倄値們倇倥倰倈倝倉倦俱倗倸倢倰俲倢倇倣俷倢倉俲倝俷倅倡倗倰倝俷 倛倓倧倝倇倣俱倢倓倊倹倢倉倚倸俷 CASS 倳俴倓俸倠倴個俴値倄倗倸倢倰俲倢們倢倉倡倸俷倰俲倥倒倉倲個倓倱俱倓們倳倛倹倰倈倝
“倲個倓倱俱倓們倝倠倴倓俴倠? 倳俺倸倲個倓倱俱倓們俴倣倉倗倃俱倓倠倊倗倉俱倢倓俴倗倢們倓倹倝倉倳倉俱倢倓倰俺倧倸倝們 俲倝俷俹倡倉倛倓倧倝倰個倕倸倢?”
“倳俺倸俴倓倡倊”
“俴倨倃倓倩倹倰倓倧倸倝俷倎倗俱倉倥倹倄倹倗倒倰倛倓倝?”
“倰倓倧倸倝俷倰俴倓倧倸倝俷俱倕倱俴倸倉倥倹 倛倕倡俱俱倢倓們倡倉俱倷倰俺倧倸倝們倲倒俷俱倡倉倛們倄倱倛倕倠俴倓倡倊” 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倅倝倊倝倒倸倢俷倐倢俴倐倩們値倳俸 俴倉倰倓倥倒倉倰俴倓倧倸倝俷俱倕倴們倸倴倄倹倰倓倥倒倉倱俴倸倰倓倧倸倝俷倰倎倕倢俲倹倝倰倛倗倥倸倒俷倛倓倧倝倓倠倊倊倚倸俷俱倣倕倡俷倰倇倸倢倉倡倹倉 倗倡倚倄倨倘倢倚倅倓值俱倷倰個倷倉倗値俺倢倚倣俴倡俽 倰倌倕倝倶 俸倠倚倣俴倡俽俱倗倸倢倇倔候俾倥倰俴倓倧倸倝俷俱倕倄倹倗倒俻倹倣 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倰俴倒倚倡們倌倡倚倰倓倧倸倝俷俱倓倠倊倗倉俱倢倓俴倗倢們倓倹倝倉倳倉俱倢倓倰俺倧倸倝們們倢俱倸倝倉 倅倝倉倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倛倕倡倊 倰俲倢倛倒値倊倰倝俱倚倢倓俲倝俷倰倈倝們倢倝倸倢倉倌倸倢倉倶 俱倷倰俲倹倢倳俸個倡俽倛倢倴倄倹倕倦俱俻倦倹俷俲倦倹倉 俸倦俷倚倢們倢倓倆倝倝俱倱倊倊倝倡倕俱倝倓値倇倦們倳倛倹倰倈倝倴倄倹
“倱倅倸俴倨倃倴們倸倴倄倹倰倓倥倒倉倰俴倓倧倸倝俷俱倕們倢倲倄倒倅倓俷倉倥倸倉倢 倝倥俱倝倒倸倢俷 俴倗倢們倓倩倹倎倗俱倉倡倹倉俴倨倃倊倝俱倗倸倢倰倓倥倒倉們倢俸倢俱俴倨倃個倩倸 倅倝倉俴倨倃個倩倸倰倚倥倒 俴倝們倎値倗倰倅倝倓值倒倡俷倴們倸們倥倰倕倒 俴倨倃俸倠倴個倓倩倹倰倓倧倸倝俷倝倡倕俱倝倓値倇倦們 Numerical Simulation 倴倄倹倒倡俷倴俷?” 倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倅倡倹俷俲倹倝倚俷倚倡倒 倰倗倕倢倎倩倄倆倦俷俽倢倅値倌倩倹倳倛俽倸俲倝俷倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉 倰倈倝倰倓値倸們倅倡倄俴倣倗倸倢 “俲倝俷俴倨倃” 倝倝俱 倰倛倕倧倝倱俴倸 “俴倨倃個倩倸” 俻倦倸俷倱倚倄俷倆倦俷俴倗倢們倚倉値倇倚倉們倱倊倊俴倉倳倉俴倓倝倊俴倓倡倗
倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倓倩倹倄倥倗倸倢倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉們倥倎倧倹倉倀倢倉倄倹倢倉倰俴倓倧倸倝俷俱倕倱倉倸倉個倦倹俱 倱倅倸俴倗倢們倰俱倸俷俱倢俸們倡倉俱倷倉倸倢俸倠們倥俲倥倄俸倣俱倡倄倊倹倢俷倴倛們? 倰倇俴倉値俴 Numerical Simulation 倘倢倚倅倓倢俸倢倓倒值倴俺倸倊倝俱倗倸倢倰倎値倸俷倰倓値倸們倞値倅倳倉倅倸倢俷個倓倠倰倇倘 倳倉俸倥倉倒倡俷倴們倸俴倸倝倒倱倎倓倸倛倕倢倒 俲倉倢倄倘倢倚倅倓倢俸倢倓倒值們倛倢倗値倇倒倢倕倡倒倝倨倅倚倢倛俱倓倓們倒倡俷倓倩倹倱俴倸倌値倗倰倌値倉 倚倝倉倱倊倊 “倗倢倄倓倩個倉倹倣倰倅倹倢倅倢們倱倊倊” 倉倡俱倘倦俱候倢倝倒倸倢俷倎倗俱倰倈倝倒値倸俷倗倢倄倝倝俱們倢倰倕倠倰倇倠倴個倳倛俽倸 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倳倉倝倄倥倅倰個倷倉倒倡俷倴俷倰倈倝倴們倸倓倩倹 倱倅倸倝倒倸倢俷倉倹倝倒個倥俱倗倸倢們倢倉倥倹 倰倈倝倴們倸倰倛倷倉倰俲倢倱倅倠倅倣倓倢倗値倘倗俱倓倓們倰倕倒 倱倕倹倗倰俲倢倴個倰倝倢俴倗倢們倓倩倹倎倗俱倉倥倹們倢俸倢俱倴倛倉?
“俴倨倃倅倹倝俷倒倝們倓倡倊倉倠倗倸倢 倳倉倲倕俱倉倥倹們倥倚値倸俷倇倥倸倰倓倥倒俱倗倸倢倝倡俸俹倓値倒倠倝倒倩倸” 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倓倩倹倗倸倢倰倓倧倸倝俷 “倉値倹倗倇倝俷俴倣” (俴倗倢們倓倩倹俸倢俱倝倉倢俴倅) 倝倈値倊倢倒倒倢俱 倛倕倝俱俴倉倉倝俱倎倝倴倛倗 倱倅倸倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倰個倷倉俴倉俲倹倢俷倛們倝倉 (倗倸倢倇倥倸倐倓倓倒倢) 俸倠個値倄倊倡俷俴俷倴們倸俷倸倢倒 倳倉倰們倧倸倝個値倄倴們倸倴倄倹 倱倕倠俸倠倊倝俱倗倸倢俲倹倢們倰倗倕倢們倢俱倷俴俷倴們倸們倥倳俴倓倰俺倧倸倝 俱倷倅倹倝俷倲倊倹倒倗倸倢倰個倷倉倝倡俸俹倓値倒倠倉倥倸倱倛倕倠 俷倸倢倒倚倨倄
“俷倡倹倉俲倝倄倩倛倉倸倝倒俻値倗倸倢倝倡俸俹倓値倒倠倰俲倢倇倣倒倡俷倴俷”
倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倰俺倷倄們倧倝倇倥倸倰個倧倹倝倉倉倹倣們倡倉 倱倕倹倗倛倒値倊俱倓倠倄倢候倇倥倸倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倰俲倥倒倉倰們倧倸倝俴倓倩倸們倢倄倩 俱倢倓倇倥倸倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倓倡倊個倢俱俸倠倛倢倰倗倕倢倰俴倓倧倸倝俷俴倝們倎値倗倰倅倝倓值倳倛倹 倇倣倳倛倹倰倈倝倲倕倸俷倳俸倴個倰個倕倢倠倛倉倦倸俷 倱倅倸倰倓倧倸倝俷倝倡倕俱倝倓値倇倦們倒倡俷俴俷倰個倷倉倛倉倢們倒倝俱倝俱 倎倝倓倩倹倗倸倢倰俲倢倰俲倥倒倉倝倡倕俱倝倓値倇倦們倳倛倹倄倹倗倒 倰倈倝俸倦俷倝倄倳俸倓倝倴們倸倴倛倗
“倚們俱倢倓倉倥倹倛們倢倒俴倗倢們倗倸倢倴俷俴倠... 倘倢倚倅倓倢俸倢倓倒值倴俺倸倚倝倉 Numerical Simulation 倴們倸倴倄倹倚倝倉倱倊倊倉倥倹倉倥倸倉倢 倴們倸們倥倚們俱倢倓倛倉倹倢倅倢倱倊倊倉倥倹倰倕倒”
倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹們倝俷倚倩倅倓倇倥倸倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倰俲倥倒倉倱倕倹倗俱倷俷俷 倝倡倕俱倝倓値倇倦們俴倧倝俺倨倄俲倝俷倚倩倅倓倇倥倸倱個倕俷倰個倷倉倲個倓倱俱倓們俴倝們倎値倗倰倅倝倓值倳倛倹倰俴倓倧倸倝俷俴倣倉倗倃倅倢們 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉俸倠倝倝俱倱倊倊倝倡倕俱倝倓値倇倦們 俱倷倅倹倝俷倅倡倹俷倚倩倅倓俱倸倝倉 倝倡倕俱倝倓値倇倦們倊倢俷倅倡倗倰俲倢倰倓倥倒倉們倢倳倉俺倢倅値倇倥倸倱倕倹倗 倴們倸倴倄倹倳俺倹倉倢倉倅倹倝俷倓倧倹倝倏倧倹倉俴倗倢們俸倣倛倉倸倝倒 倚値倸俷倇倥倸倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倰倛倷倉俴倧倝倝倡倕俱倝倓値倇倦們倇倥倸倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倰俲倥倒倉俲倦倹倉倳倛們倸 俻倦倸俷倅倸倢俷俸倢俱倇倥倸倴俺倸俻値俷倰俹倗倥倒倉倚倝倉倓倢倗倏倹倢俱倡倊倰倛倗
倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倆倝倉倛倢倒倳俸 “倱們倸俴倨倃俴倓倡倊 俱値倉俲倹倢倗倳倛倹倰倚倓倷俸俱倸倝倉倴倄倹倴倛們 倝倨倅倚倸倢倛值倅倨倻倉倴俱倸倊倣倓倨俷倳倛倹 俱値倉倴個倴們倸俱倥倸俴倣倰倝俷”
“倝倧倹們倶 倝値倸們倱倕倹倗俴倸倠 倰倄倥倻倒倗俴倸倝倒俻倄倉倹倣倱俱俷” 倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倅倝倊倚倸俷倶 倚倢倒倅倢倴們倸倕倠俸倢俱俱倓倠倄倢候 倱倆們倒倡俷倛倒値倊個倢俱俱倢們倢倇倄倰倕俲倅倢們倰倎倧倸倝倇倣俴倗倢們倰俲倹倢倳俸俴倗倢們俴値倄俲倝俷倰俲倢
們値倉倸倢倕倸倠 倆倦俷倴倄倹倰個倷倉俺倸倢俷倰俺倧倸倝們倓倠倄倡倊倰俻倥倒倉倅倡倹俷倱倅倸倝倢倒倨倒倡俷倉倹倝倒 俴倗倢們們倨倸俷們倡倸倉倴們倸倈倓倓們倄倢俸倓値俷倶 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倉倦俱俺倧倸倉俺們倳倉倳俸
俸倢俱俱倢倓俴倊倛倢俱倡倉 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倚倡們倌倡倚倴倄倹倆倦俷俴倗倢們們倨們倢倉倠俲倝俷倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹們倢倅倕倝倄 倴倄倹倒値倉倗倸倢倳倉倊倓倓倄倢俺倸倢俷倰俺倧倸倝們 21 俴倉倇倥倸俱倓倠倇倓倗俷倚倸俷倴個倝倊倓們倇倥倸俽倥倸個倨倸倉 倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹俲倒倡倉倇倥倸倚倨倄倱倕倠倌倕俱倢倓倰倓倥倒倉倄倥倇倥倸倚倨倄 倆倹倢倴們倸倳俺倸倰倎倓倢倠倀倢倉倠倇倢俷倊倹倢倉倇倣倳倛倹倰倚倥倒倲倝俱倢倚倰倓倥倒倉倅倸倝 倄倹倗倒俴倗倢們俲倒倡倉倱倕倠倛倡倗倴倗俲倉倢倄倉倥倹 個倸倢倉倉倥倹倰倈倝俴俷俸倊倄倷倝俱倰倅倝倓值俸倢俱俺値俷倛倡倗倛倓倧倝個倡俱俱値倸俷倴個倉倢倉倱倕倹倗
“倰倝倢倰倆倝倠 倰倄倥倻倒倗倌們倝倈値倊倢倒倳倛倹倏倡俷” 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倒倝們倱倎倹 倗倢俷俱倓倠倄倩俱倴俱倸倕俷 倰俺倷倄們倧倝 倱倕倹倗倕倢俱倰俱倹倢倝倥倹倴個倉倡倸俷俲倹倢俷倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹 倰倓値倸們倊倓倓倒倢倒 “倰倓倢倅倹倝俷倰倓値倸們俸倢俱俴倨倃倚們倊倡倅値倗倡倚倄倨俲倝俷俺値倹倉俷倢倉 倚倓倹倢俷 倲俻倸俲倝俷們倢倓值俴倝倏倱倊倊倉倡倊倴倄倹倱倕倠倴們倸倚們倄倨倕 俲倦倹倉們倢俱倸倝倉 倚倣倛倓倡倊俱倓倢倏倓倠倊倨倇値倘倇倢俷 倇倥倸倰俱値倄俸倢俱倲俻倸們倢倓值俴倝倏倉倥倹 俸倠們倥倰俷倧倸倝倉倴俲俲倝倊倰俲倅倱倊倊倉倥倹... 倰倓倢倚們們倅値倗倸倢倚倆倢倉倠倅倸倝倴個倇倥倸倰倓値倸們俸倢俱 x 俸倠倚倨倸們倰倕倧倝俱倰倗俱倰倅倝倓值俲倹倢俷倰俴倥倒俷倳倄倶 倄倹倗倒俴倗倢們倉倸倢俸倠倰個倷倉倰倇倸倢俱倡倉 倄倡俷倉倡倹倉俴倗倢們倉倸倢俸倠倰個倷倉倇倥倸倚倆倢倉倠倅倸倝倴個俸倠倰個倷倉 y 倚倢們倢倓倆倰俲倥倒倉倴倄倹倄倡俷倉倥倹...”
倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倰倎値倸俷倎値倚倩俸倉值倚倩倅倓倰倚倓倷俸倛們倢倄倶 俸倦俷倝倈値倊倢倒倴倄倹倝倒倸倢俷俴倕倸倝俷倱俴倕倸倗 倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹俴倕倨俱俴倕倥俱倡倊倴俺倸俻値俷倰俹倗倥倒倉們倢個倥俱倗倸倢 倎倝們倥倎倧倹倉倀倢倉倝倒倩倸倊倹倢俷 俸倦俷倰俲倹倢倳俸倚値倸俷倇倥倸倰俲倢倎倩倄倴倄倹個倓倠們倢倃 70-80% 倅倓俷倴倛倉倴們倸倰俲倹倢倳俸 倰倈倝俱倷倆倢們倇倡倉倇倥 倳倛倹倰俲倢倝倈値倊倢倒俻倹倣俸倉俱倗倸倢俸倠倰俴倕倥倒倓值
俴倗倢們俸倓値俷倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉俱倷倝倒倢俱倇倄倚倝倊俴倗倢們倚倢們倢倓倆俲倝俷倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倄倹倗倒 倰俲倢倱倉倠倉倣倰倈倝倳倛倹倴俺倸俻値俷倰俹倗倥倒倉倰倎倓倢倠倓倩倹倗倸倢倰倈倝倰俱倸俷俷倢倉倰俺倧倸倝們 倱倅倸倰倓倧倸倝俷倇倔候俾倥倏値倚値俱倚值倛倓倧倝俴倃値倅倘倢倚倅倓值 倰俲倢倰倝俷俱倷倴們倸們倡倸倉倳俸
倓倠倛倗倸倢俷倝倈値倊倢倒 倰俲倢俴倝倒倚倡俷倰俱倅個俿値俱値倓値倒倢俲倝俷倰倈倝 倱們倹俸倠們倥倊倢俷俸倨倄倇倥倸倰倈倝倒倡俷俷俷倶 倱倅倸倱俴倸倚倸倗倉倇倥倸倰倈倝倰俲倹倢倳俸倴倄倹 俱倷倇倣倳倛倹倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倅俱倅倠倕倦俷倱倕倹倗
倰們倧倸倝個倥俱倸倝倉 倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倒倡俷倰個倷倉倱俴倸俺倸倢俷倰俺倧倸倝們倗倨倂値們.倅倹倉 倌倸倢倉倴個倱俴倸個倥俱倗倸倢 倗倡倉倉倥倹倰倈倝倰俲倹倢倳俸倰倓倧倸倝俷 倲俻倸俲倝俷們倢倓值俴倝倏 (Markov Chain) 倱倕倠倱倉倗俴値倄 俱倢倓倛倢俴倸倢倰倛們倢倠倚們倇倥倸倚倨倄俱倣倕倡俷倚倝俷 (Quadratic Optimization) 倴倄倹倱倕倹倗 倉倥倸們倡倉個倢俿値倛倢倓値倒值俺倡倄倶
“倰俲倹倢倳俸倛們倄倱倕倹倗?” 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倆倢們倛倕倡俷俸倢俱倝倈値倊倢倒俸倊
倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倛倉倹倢倱倄俷倄倹倗倒俴倗倢們倅倧倸倉倰倅倹倉 倒値倹們倅倝倊倗倸倢 “俱倷倴們倸倆倦俷俱倡倊倰俲倹倢倳俸倇倠倕倨個倓倨倲個倓倸俷倛倓倝俱俴倸倠 倱倅倸俸倨倄倚倣俴倡俽倶 倎倝俸倡倊倇倢俷倴倄倹倱倕倹倗 倰倄倥倻倒倗俴倧倉倉倥倹俹倡倉俸倠倕倝俷倇倊倇倗倉倝倡倕俱倝倓値倇倦們倇倥倸俴倨倃倰俲倥倒倉倝倥俱倇倥 倉倸倢俸倠倴們倸們倥個倡俽倛倢 俹倡倉倓倩倹倚倦俱倗倸倢倝倡倕俱倝倓値倇倦們俺倨倄倉倥倹俲倝俷俴倨倃倳俺倹俷倸倢倒俱倗倸倢倇倥倸倘倢倚倅倓倢俸倢倓倒值倴俺倸倚倝倉倰倒倝倠倰倕倒 俲倝俷倝倢俸倢倓倒值俻倡倊俻倹倝倉俱倗倸倢 倱倆們倅倹倝俷倇倣俻倹倣 們倢俱俱倗倸倢倅倡倹俷倰倒倝倠”
“倱倉倸倉倝倉倝倒倩倸倱倕倹倗 倌倕俷倢倉倓倠倄倡倊 ‘倌倝.俱倝俷倰倏値俷’ 倅倹倝俷倰個倷倉俲倝俷倄倥倇倥倸倚倨倄倰倚們倝” 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倲們倹倴倄倹倰倅倷們個倢俱 倰倎倓倢倠倝倡倕俱倝倓値倇倦們倎倗俱倉倥倹倰俲倢倉倣們倢俸倢俱倒倨俴倛倕倡俷 俻倦倸俷倌倸倢倉俱倢倓倎倡倂倉倢們倢倱倕倹倗 俸倦俷們倥個倓倠倚値倇倈値倐倢倎倚倩俷俱倗倸倢倱倕倠倳俺倹倴倄倹倒倢倗倴個俸倉倆倦俷倘倅倗倓倓候倛倉倹倢
“俴倨倃倴個倰倓倥倒倉倎倗俱倉倥倹們倢俸倢俱倴倛倉? 俹倡倉倴們倸倰倛倷倉俴倨倃倰俴倒倝倸倢倉倛倉倡俷倚倧倝倎倗俱倉倥倹倰倕倒” 倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倆倢們
倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倅倝倊 “俱倷倌們俴値倄俴倹倉俲倦倹倉們倢倰倝俷倴俷 倝倒倸倢俷倇倥倸俴倨倃倊倝俱 倚們倡倒俴倨倃個倩倸倰倚倥倒 俴倝們倎値倗倰倅倝倓值倳倉俸倥倉倒倡俷們倥倉倹倝倒 倇倸倢倉俱倷倴們倸倓倩倹倰倓倧倸倝俷 Numerical Simulation 倛倓倝俱 倱倅倸倇倸倢倉倚倝倉倱俴倕俴倩倕倡倚俺倡倹倉倚倩俷倳倛倹倌們 倚們倡倒倉倡倹倉倎倥倸俺倢倒俴倉倉倥倹 (倛們倢倒倆倦俷倅倡倗倰倝俷) 倅倠倕倨倒倲俸倇倒值俴倃値倅倘倢倚倅倓值俲倝俷 Zeldovich (Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich - 倉倡俱倏値倚値俱倚值俺倢倗倲俻倰倗倥倒倅) 俸倉俸倊倰倕倸們 倱俴倸俴倃値倅倗値倰俴倓倢倠倛值倎倧倹倉倶 倱倊倊倉倥倹 俸値债倊俸债倝倒倉倸倢”
“倲們倹倝倥俱倱倕倹倗 倲們倹倝倥俱倱倕倹倗!” 倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹個値倄個倢俱倛倡倗倰倓倢倠俴値俱俴倡俱 俴倗倢們俸倓値俷倰倈倝俺倝倊倰倗倕倢倰俲倢倲們倹倱倊倊倉倥倹 們倡倉倄倩倰倇倸倱倊倊倱個倕俱倶 倰倇倸俱倗倸倢倎倗俱俸値债俱倲俱倻倳倚倸倚倓倹倝倒倇倝俷倰倚倹倉倲倅倶 倅倡倹俷倰倒倝倠 俴倗倢們倰倇倸倱倊倊個倡俽俽倢俺倉俲倝俷倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉俺倸倢俷倉倸倢倛倕俷倳倛倕
“俴倨倃倴個倇倣俴倗倢們倰俲倹倢倳俸倝倡倕俱倝倓値倇倦們俺倨倄倉倥倹倳倛倹倄倥倰倆倝倠 倆倹倢倰俲倹倢倳俸倆倸倝俷倱倇倹 倓倡倊倓倝俷倗倸倢俴倨倃俸倠倕倹倣倛倉倹倢倰倎倧倸倝倉倓倸倗們倝倢俺倥倎倴個倝倒倸倢俷倉倹倝倒 10 個倥” 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉俱倕倸倢倗
倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倱倒倹俷 “倝倡倉倉倥倹倲們倹倰倗倝倓值倴個倱倕倹倗 俲倝俷倎倗俱倉倥倹俴倨倃倅倹倝俷倴個倝倸倢倉倰俸倝俸倢俱倇倥倸倴倛倉倚倡俱倱倛倸俷倱倉倸倶 倱倅倸俹倡倉倰俺倧倸倝倗倸倢倘倢倚倅倓倢俸倢倓倒值倴俺倸倒倡俷倴們倸倰俴倒倰倛倷倉 倓倗們倆倦俷倝倢俸倢倓倒值倱倕倠倓倨倸倉倎倥倸俴倉倝倧倸倉倶 倄倹倗倒 倎倓倨倸俷倉倥倹俹倡倉俸倠倰倝倢倴個倳倛倹倘倢倚倅倓倢俸倢倓倒值倄倩 倇倸倢倉倅倹倝俷倚倉倳俸倱倉倸倶”
“倱倅倸倆倹倢倇倸倢倉倆倢們倗倸倢倗値倈倥倎倗俱倉倥倹倰倝倢們倢俸倢俱倴倛倉 俴倨倃俸倠倅倝倊倗倸倢倒倡俷倴俷?” 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倆倢們倄倹倗倒俴倗倢們倰個倷倉倛倸倗俷
倅倩倹倰倚倥倸倒倗倅倥倹倒値倹們 “俱倷倊倝俱倗倸倢俴倨倃倰個倷倉俴倉俴値倄俴倹倉倴俷 倰們倧倸倝俱倥倹俴倨倃俱倷倊倝俱倰倝俷倴們倸倳俺倸倰倛倓倝?”
“倰倝倸倝... 倰倝倢倰個倷倉倗倸倢倰們倧倸倝俱倥倹倌們倎倩倄倰倎倹倝倰俸倹倝倕倠俱倡倉” 倰倏値俷倰倚倥倹倒倗倰俹値倉倓倥倊倱俱倹倅倡倗 “倰倝倢倝倒倸倢俷倉倥倹 倆倹倢倅倢倰倂倸倢倴俺倸倆倢們 俴倨倃倊倝俱倗倸倢倌們倰俴倒倝倸倢倉倰俸倝倳倉倛倉倡俷倚倧倝倰俱倸倢倉値倓倉倢們倰倕倸們倛倉倦倸俷 倅倝倉倉倥倹倛倢倴們倸倰俸倝倱倕倹倗 倴們倸倓倩倹倗倸倢倝倒倩倸倇倥倸倛倹倝俷倚們倨倄俴倃倠俱倓倓們俱倢倓倰倘倓候倀俱値俸 倛倓倧倝倚倆倢倊倡倉倗値俸倡倒倆倸倢倉倛値倉 倚倓倨個俴倧倝 倛倢倒倚倢倊倚倩俽倴個倱倕倹倗 倛倢倴們倸倰俸倝倝倥俱倱倕倹倗倅倕倝倄俱倢倕...”
(俸倊倊倇)
[ 📚 倰俱倓倷倄俴倗倢們倓倩倹倇倹倢倒倊倇 ]
倲俻倸俲倝俷們倢倓值俴倝倏 (Markov Chain): 俱倓倠倊倗倉俱倢倓倇倢俷俴倃値倅倘倢倚倅倓值倱倊倊倚倨倸們 (Stochastic Model) 倇倥倸倳俺倹倇倣倉倢倒俴倗倢們倉倸倢俸倠倰個倷倉俲倝俷倚倆倢倉倠倳倉倝倉倢俴倅 倲倄倒俲倦倹倉倝倒倩倸俱倡倊倚倆倢倉倠個倡俸俸倨倊倡倉倰倇倸倢倉倡倹倉 倉値倒們倳俺倹倳倉俱倢倓俸倣倕倝俷倓倠倊倊倇倥倸俻倡倊俻倹倝倉
Zeldovich: Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich 倉倡俱倏値倚値俱倚值倇倔候俾倥俺倢倗倲俻倰倗倥倒倅 倌倩倹們倥倌倕俷倢倉倲倄倄倰倄倸倉倄倹倢倉倉値倗倰俴倕倥倒倓值倱倕倠俸倡俱倓倗倢倕倗値倇倒倢 倛倉倡俷倚倧倝俲倝俷倰俲倢俲倦倹倉俺倧倸倝倰倓倧倸倝俷俴倗倢們倒倢俱倱倕倠倕倦俱俻倦倹俷
